Aeg lamp



(No Model.) 5 sheets-sheet 1v.

J. LEA.

ARG LAMP.

No. 388,097. jwatented Aug. 28, 1888.

GTO2/wle@ l?? (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 2.

J. LEA.

" ARG LAMP.

No. 388,697. jWaftented Aug. 28, 1888.

(No Model.) 5 sneets-sheet 3.

J. LEA.

ARG LAMP.

/W'P tented Aug. 28, 1888.

,lian/@252km uA PUERS. mma-LW'. .wuningm D c.

(No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet; 4.

J. LEA.

ARG LAMP.

No. 888,697. Patented Aug. 28, 1888.

5 Sheets-Sheet 5. J. LBA.

ARG LAMP.

(No Model.)

No. 388,697. Patented Aug. 28, 1888.

Inyeioyr JW/ lea, ,Ely

N4 PETERS. Phn-Limogmplw. washingwn. D. C.

PATENT OFFICE.,

JOHN LEA, OF LONDON, ENGLAND, ASSIGNOR TO HUGH TVATT, OF SAME PLACE.

ARC LAMP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 388,697, dated August28, 1888.

Application filed January 19, 1888. Serial No. 261,261. (No model.)Patented in England March l2, 1F87, No.3,767-

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JOHN LEA, electrical engineer, a subject of theQueen of Great Britain, and a resident of London, England, have 5invented a new and useful Method of Checking or Arresting the Feed of anArc Lamp and Appliances for the Purpose, (for which I have obtained apatent in Great Britain, No. 3,7 G7 bearing date March 12, 1887,) ofwhich [o the following is a specification, reference being had to theaccompanying drawings.

My invention relates to electric-arc lamps or lighting apparatus, and ischiefly designed to provide apparatus of this kind or class x5 which isvery compact, and can be advantageously used in rooms and other placeswhere lights of low candle-power are required, and where it has hithertobeen customary to employ incandescent electric lamps.

zo By my said invention I insure great regularity in the feed of thecarbon or carbons and the maintenance of a very small are. My saidinvention therefore provides for a greater subdivision and more economicuse of the electric current than is practicable with the arc lampshitherto generally used.

In the specification of former British Letters Patent, dated April 22,A. D. 1882, No. 1,919, 1 have described an are lamp wherein 3@ thefeeding of the carbon is effected by mechanism driven by means of asolenoid included in a shunt from the main circuit. In this lamp thereis provision for automatically increasing the resistance in the saidshunt when 3 5 required to diminish the pull of the solenoid upon itscore, the additional resistance being obtained by the intercalation of acoil so wound that it will counteract the attraction of the solenoid,thus avoiding any slowness of action of the parts which might be causedby residual magnetism in the said solenoid, and insuring regularity inthe feeding of the carbon.

Now my present invention is based upon the principle of varying thcresistance in a shunt in which a solenoid is included by theintercalation of a coil acting in the reverse manner to the saidsolenoid7 substantially as described in my said former specification.Instead, however, of applying this principle to go the feeding of thecarbon or earbons,1 now apply it to the regulation or control of th:

feed, which in my improved lamp is effected by means of clock-work orany other suitable motor. Moreover, an important feature of my presentinvention is the provision of means whereby the same movement whichreleases the clock-work and permits the feeding ofthe carbon or carbonswill effect the requisite breaking or variation of the electricalcontact for putting the extra resistance into the aforesaid shunt.

Mysaid invention comprises other improvements, hereinafter set forth.

In the accompanying' drawings lhave shown how mylsaid invention may beconveniently and advantageously carried into practice.

Figure 1 is a front elevation, Fig. 2 a side elevation, and Fig. 3 arear elevation, of one forni of my improved lamp or lighting apparatus.Fig. Ltis a plan of the said apparatus, the top plate, hereinafterreferred to, being removed; and Fig. 5, a view similar to Fig. 1,omitting the clock-work, except the brake, to clearly show the electricconnections.

Like letters indicate corresponding parts 73 throughout the drawings.

A is the lamp-frame, which comprises two plates or disks, a a, iirml yconnected by rods or posts al, and having connected therewith by rods orposts a3 a socket, a4, for the lower So carbon, B. O is the uppercarbon, which is passed through holes in the top and bottom plates, a a,and is held between roller, b b.

T e roller b is iixed upon an arbor, c, carried in bearings in a frame,D, which is fitted upon upright bars or posts d, so that it can move upand down thereon th rou gh a short distance. The bars or posts d arefirmly connected by a cross-bar, d. The roller b is carried by a lever,c, which is pivoted at c' to the frame D, 9o and is acted upon by aspring, c?, so that it presses the said roller b against the carbon G.This carbon is thus gripped between the two rollers with sufficientforce to prevent its descending by gravitation and to enable it to befed or moved downward by the rotation of the roller l. This roller isarranged to be driven by means of suitable clock-work carried by theframe D.

E is a solenoid, which is coarse wire and has roo a core, FK, which iscoupled to one arm. of a lever, F, pivoted at F to a bracket or lug,d'2,

on the cross-bar d. The other arm of this lever is coupled by means of alink, F2, to the frame D. Therefore, when the carbons are in contact andthe `required current passes through the solenoid E, the lever F will beoperated to raise the frame D and the upper carbon, C, and thus form theare.

G is another solenoid, which is formed of `ne wire and has core G, whichis coupled to but insulated from a bent lever, H, pivoted at H to theframe D. A pin or stud, H2, xed in this lever, is adapted to bearagainst the periphery of a wheel, I, forming part of the clock-work. Aspring, K, is attached at one cnd to a tail-piece or extension, H3, ofthe lever H, and at its other end to an adjusting-screw,K,fitted in theframe A. This spring tends to hold the stud H2 on the lever H againstthe wheel I, so that the said stud acts as a brake to arrest or retardthe movement of the clock-work. The said lever also affords the meansfor making and breaking or varying electrical contact, for the purposehereinafter specified. The lever H must be insulated from the frame A.For this purpose a piece of insulating material is placed between thesaid lever and its pivot-pin H, and the spring K is connected with 'thescrew K and the lever H with the core G by means of silk threadsff, orother suitable insulating ma- Y terial.

L is a coil of wire Wound in the reverse direction to the solenoid G. Acore, L,is fixed within this coil, thus forming an electro-magnet,which, when the electric current passes through the coil L, ashereinafter described, will repel or tend to repel the core G.

M M are the lamp-terminals, which are to be connected with the two polesof a battery, or other electric generator. The terminal. M is connectedby a wire, g, with one end of the solenoid E, the other end of which isconnected by a Wire, h, with one of the rods or posts a3, and throughthis rod or post with the lower carbon, B. rIhe terminal M is inelectrical 1 connection, through the frames A D and rollers b b', withthe upper carbon, 0. The solenoid G and magnet-coi1 L are in a shuntfrom the main circuit-that is to say,one end ofthesolenoid is connectedby a wire, t', with the Wire g. The other end of the said coil isconnected by a wire, k, with one end of the coil L, and the other end ofthis coil is connected with the frame A. The coil L, when the carbon isnot feeding, is short-circuited through a wire, Z, connecting the wire kwith the spring K, and through this spring the brake and the frames A Dwith the terminals. Therefore, when contact is broken by the withdrawalof the brake H2 from the wheel I, a considerable amount of resistancewill be put into the aforesaid shunt.

The operation of the improved apparatus is as follows, viz: Assuming thecarbons to be so far apart that the current cannot pass through them,then as soon as the apparatus is connected with the generator thecurrent passes through the said carbons and through the solenoid E,which, being thus energized, acts upon the lever F and lifts the frameD, thereby raising the upper carbon,C, and forming the arc. As thecarbons are consumed and the resistance through the alc increases, thecurrent will again pass through the shunt, energizing the solenoid G, sothat it draws down or tends to draw down the lever H, and thus removesthe brake from the Wheel I, or diminishes its pressure thereon. I/Vhenthe brake is taken off, the coil L is included in the shunt, thusintroducing additional resistance therein and diminishing the attractionwhich the solenoid G exerts upon its core G. Moreover, the currentpassing through the coil L magnetizes the core L' in such a manner thatit has a repelling effect upon the core G. The spring K then reacts andagain applies the brake. It will be seen, therefore, that the breakingof the contact between the brake H'l and wheel I produces conditionsfavorable to the remaking of the said contact. By this arrangement Iavoid any defective action of the feeding devices, which might be causedby residual magnetism, and I provide for feeding the carbon through verysmall distances, so that a small arc will be maintained. I have,moreover, found in practice that the pressure of the brake upon thewheel I is sometimes dimished to such an extent that Without actuallybreaking the contact it will permit the said wheel to rotate, theperiphery of the said Wheel slipping or sliding in contact with the saidbrake. The resistance through the contact is thus varied, as in amicrophone, with the result that part of the current passes through thecoil L, as above described. When the carbons are too far apart for thecurrent to pass through the main circuit g E h c3 B c A, the currentwill pass through the shuntz G Z K H H2 I A. The solenoid G beingenergized, Will remove the brake H2 from the wheel I, and the clock-workbeing released, will feed down the upper carbon, C, the current, whenthe brake is thus removed, passing through t' G k L A. As soon as thecarbons are in contact the current passes through the main circuit,energizes the solenoid E, and lifts the clock-work, together with theupper carbon, C, thus forming the are, and the brake H2 is again appliedby the reaction of the spring K. As the carbons are consumed and theresistance through the arc increases, the current, again passing throughthe shunt z' G l K H H2 I A, energizes the solenoid G, which, actingupon the brake, permits the movement of the clock-work to again feeddown the upper carbon, C.

ICO

IZO

t is obvious that I can, if desired, use electromagnets, instead of thesolenoids abovementioned.

W'hat I claim is-w 1. ln an electric-arc lamp wherein the feeding of thecarbon or carbons is effected by means ot' clock-work, abrake which actsupon a wheel of the said clock-work to control the movement thereof, andth rough which the current iiows to and th rough the said wheel when theare is normal, and which is actuated by a magnet or solenoid in a shuntfrom the main circuit, so that as the resistance through the areincreases the pressure of the brake upon the said wheel will bediminished, or the brake will be taken off, substantially as and for thepurposes set forth.

2. In an electric lamp wherein the feeding` of the carbon or cai-bons iseffected by means of clock-work, the combination, with a brake which isactuated by a magnet or solenoid in a shunt from the main circuit tocontrol the movement of the said clock-work, of a resistance-coil whichwill be switched into the said shunt when the brake is taken ott', andwill be short-eircuited when the said brake is applied, substantially asand for the purposes set forth.

8. The combination, with the magnet or solenoid G, arranged in a shuntfrom the main circuit for actuating the brake H2, of a resistance-coil,L, wound in the reverse direction to the said magnet or solenoid andhaving a core within it, so that the extra resistance switched into thesaid shunt will energize the said core and counteract the saidcontrollingmagnet or solenoid G, substantially as and for the purposeset forth.

4. The combination, with the clockwork for feeding the carbon or earhonsand the magnet or solenoid E, for raising the said clockwork to form thearc, of the magnet or solenoid G, arranged in a shunt from the maincircuit, the lever H, carrying the brake H2 and connected with thearmature or core CT", the spring,` K, the coil L, arranged to beincluded in the said shunt to increase the resistance therein, or to beshort-cirenited by means of the said brake, and provided with the coreL', arranged to act upon the said armature or core G', all substantiallyas and for the purposes set i'orth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto signed my name in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

JOHN LEA.

Witnesses:

J. B. Cox, J. MONTAGU Pilares.

